1. How do you design a system to handle eventual consistency in distributed systems?
2. What are the trade-offs of using the CAP theorem in distributed system design?
3. How do you ensure fault tolerance in a globally distributed microservices architecture?
4. What are the limitations of two-phase commit in distributed transactions, and how do you overcome them?
5. How does the Byzantine Generals Problem affect consensus in distributed systems?
6. How does an architecture based on CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation) differ from traditional systems?
7. How do you design a system that supports polyglot persistence across microservices?
8. What are the key architectural challenges when designing systems using event sourcing?
9. How do you handle data replication in geographically distributed systems?
10. What are the security implications of adopting a microservices architecture, and how do you mitigate them?
11. How do you prevent cascading failures in a distributed microservices architecture?
12. What are the best practices for handling network partitions in a distributed system?
13. How do you design a scalable API gateway for high-traffic microservices systems?
14. What is the role of a distributed coordination service, like Zookeeper, in system reliability?
15. How do you design a distributed lock manager for microservices systems?
16. What is the Paxos algorithm, and how is it applied in consensus protocols for distributed systems?
17. How does the Raft consensus algorithm improve upon Paxos for distributed systems?
18. What are the trade-offs between consistency, availability, and partition tolerance in distributed databases?
19. How do you optimize the performance of a NoSQL database in high-concurrency scenarios?
20. How does Google’s Spanner achieve strong consistency in globally distributed databases?
21. What are the best practices for implementing a multi-region active-active database architecture?
22. How do you ensure data integrity in an eventually consistent system?
23. How does a peer-to-peer network differ from a client-server network in terms of scalability and fault tolerance?
24. What are the challenges of designing a system with leader election in distributed systems?
25. How does sharding improve performance in large-scale systems, and what are the downsides?
26. What are the best strategies for optimizing data partitioning in distributed databases?
27. How do you achieve high availability in a system while maintaining low latency?
28. What are the design considerations for creating a highly secure API in a cloud-native environment?
29. How do you handle schema evolution in systems using event sourcing?
30. How do you implement blue-green deployment in a microservices architecture with zero downtime?
31. What are the design challenges in implementing a service mesh for microservices?
32. How does a circuit breaker pattern help in preventing system-wide failures?
33. How do you handle real-time data streaming in distributed systems using Kafka or similar technologies?
34. How does eventual consistency impact user experience, and how can you mitigate its effects?
35. What are the challenges in implementing distributed tracing in a microservices system?
36. How does the CAP theorem influence the design of distributed ledger systems like blockchain?
37. What are the performance trade-offs between ACID and BASE consistency models in distributed databases?
38. How do you design an efficient fault-tolerant system for geographically distributed data centers?
39. How do you optimize a system for high-throughput and low-latency data processing using stream processing platforms?
40. What are the best practices for implementing a hybrid cloud architecture?