1. Explain the concept of amortized analysis in data structures.
2. How do you implement a self-balancing binary search tree?
3. What are the differences between red-black trees and AVL trees?
4. How do you design a data structure that supports efficient insertions, deletions, and searches?
5. What is a van Emde Boas tree, and what are its applications?
6. How do you implement a dynamic array, and what are its resizing strategies?
7. What is the significance of a suffix tree in substring searching?
8. How do you efficiently store and query intervals using data structures?
9. Explain the concept of a bloom filter and its use cases.
10. How do you implement a concurrent data structure for multi-threaded applications?
11. What is the difference between a segment tree and a Fenwick tree?
12. How do you find the least common ancestor (LCA) in a binary tree?
13. What are the properties of a B+ tree, and how does it differ from a B-tree?
14. How do you perform a range minimum query using a sparse table?
15. What is the role of a priority queue in Dijkstra's algorithm?
16. How do you implement a skip list for efficient search operations?
17. What is the time complexity of the union-find algorithm with path compression?
18. How do you detect strongly connected components in a directed graph?
19. What is a k-d tree, and how is it used in multidimensional data searching?
20. How do you implement a treap and what are its advantages?
21. What are the implications of cache locality in data structure design?
22. How do you create a persistent data structure, and what are its applications?
23. What is the purpose of a hash table with open addressing?
24. How do you perform offline dynamic connectivity queries?
25. What is the significance of a disjoint-set data structure in Kruskal's algorithm?
26. How do you implement a data structure for efficient string matching?
27. What are the properties and applications of a Fibonacci heap?
28. How do you use a data structure to implement LRU (Least Recently Used) caching?
29. What is the time complexity of searching in a Patricia trie?
30. How do you design a data structure for efficient merging of sorted lists?
31. What is the difference between a graph and a hypergraph?
32. How do you implement a data structure that supports dynamic order statistics?
33. What is a Range Tree and how is it used in computational geometry?
34. How do you perform nearest neighbor queries using a ball tree?
35. What are the applications of the Aho-Corasick algorithm in string processing?
36. How do you implement a data structure that supports k-nearest neighbors?
37. What is the role of an interval tree in computational geometry?
38. How do you design a data structure for a dynamic prefix tree?
39. What is a wavelet tree and what are its applications?
40. How do you implement a data structure to support multiple sequences efficiently?